Cholera Vaccine in Canada: Do You Need It Before Traveling?

Cholera is an acute diarrheal illness caused by infection with the Vibrio cholerae bacterium. While rare in Canada, travellers to regions with inadequate water treatment and sanitation, such as parts of Africa, Asia, and the Caribbean, may be at risk. Vaccination is a key preventive measure for those visiting areas where cholera is prevalent.

Cholera Vaccines Available in Canada

In Canada, two primary oral cholera vaccines are available:

1. Dukoral: This vaccine offers protection against cholera and certain strains of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), a common cause of traveller's diarrhea. It is administered orally in two doses at home, each spaced one week apart. The vaccine becomes effective approximately one week after the final dose and protects for about two years. A booster dose may be required for ongoing protection.

2. Vaxchora: Approved for use in Canada in January 2024, Vaxchora is a single-dose oral vaccine indicated for active immunization against cholera caused by Vibrio cholerae serogroup O1 in individuals aged 2 to 64 years travelling to cholera-affected areas. It protects within 10 days after administration.

Who Should Consider the Cholera Vaccine?

The cholera vaccine is recommended for travellers and aid workers bound for areas with active cholera transmission, particularly where access to safe water and sanitation is limited. Consulting with a travel clinic or healthcare provider is essential to determine if vaccination is appropriate based on your destination and planned activities.

Administration and Timing

• Dukoral: Adults and children over 6 require two doses, taken orally at home, one week apart. Children aged 2 to 6 need three doses, each spaced one week apart. The vaccination series should be completed at least one week before potential exposure.

• Vaxchora: A single oral dose should be taken at least 10 days before potential exposure to cholera.

Availability in British Columbia

In British Columbia, cholera vaccines are not publicly funded and must be purchased. They are available at travel clinics and some pharmacies.

Potential Side Effects

Both vaccines are generally well-tolerated. Common side effects may include mild gastrointestinal symptoms such as stomach pain, diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting. Severe reactions are rare. If you experience unusual or severe symptoms after vaccination, seek medical attention promptly.